The Study Of Evolution And Evolution - 1276 Words

THE STUDY OF EVOLUTION ------------------------------------------------------ The study of Evolution has been a hot topic of controversy over the last two centuries. The definition of evolutionary biology itself generally refers to an area of biological study mixed with the study of the evolutionary processes that are produced by the diversity of life on Earth. This tour of centuries ago, the one you are about to take will help you gain a better understanding of not only those who have influenced the theories of evolution, but also a few pieces of evidence of evolution that help support the theory itself. The history of evolution The theory of evolutionary biology that was formalized by Charles Darwin is just like any†¦show more content†¦Together with Alfred Russel Wallace, they introduced a scientific theory that branched patterns of evolution, resulting in a process called natural selection. He developed his ideas by observing many animals on the Galapagos Islands. He noticed that certain species in one geographical area was different from the same species in another field. At Galapagos Island, Charles discovered evidence of animal fossils that could help him prove the theory of natural selection. Many animals that Charles examined were; the land iguana, the marine iguana, saddle back Tortoise, the Flightless Cormorant and the cormorant. Scenic locations on Galapagos Island In addition, here are a few scenic locations located on the Galapagos Islands. One scenic area of Galapagos Island is Bartolome and Pinnacle Rock. One of the smaller islands in the Galà ¡pagos Archipelago is Bartolomà © Island, which has its unique feature known as the Pinnacle Rock. This rock has the most famous views of the islands. Bartolomà © lies south of the equator and east of the larger island known as San Salvador Island. Being one of the most visited islands, Bartolomà © is covered with volcanic ashes and hardened lava mountain flows. As visitors arrive at the steps outlined by the volcanic shoreline, they make their way up hundreds of steps made by Galapagos’ native wood mounted by lava, reaching

Modern Society s Criminal Justice System - 3383 Words

Fear of crime, mass imprisonment, and the increasing drain of public resources are frequent issues in public and political discourse. The process and outcomes of justice are frequently expressed with frustration as societal wounds and conflicts deepen rather than contribute to healing or resolution. Western society’s criminal justice system methodology contains intrinsic limitations and failures. Nonetheless, it persists through the state’s use of manipulative forms of communication, molding public perceptions of crime and punishment. Intensifying expansion of the prison industrial complex and harsher criminal punishment progresses under the auspices of monetary gain. Deteriorating political support for the rehabilitative ideal started in the 1970’s, transitioning to a punishment model. The social practice of mass imprisonment is impacted by the language and communication of everyday life, specifically, it is influenced by the deliberate framing of rhetoric and i ssues within political discourse and the normalization of criminal justice standards in the context of postmodern ideology. Furthermore, political rhetoric and structures of social control are shaped by Western society’s current knowledge systems and the overwhelming force of the mass media and communication systems to maintain structures of privilege and domination. The language of political discourse is deliberately devised to frame issues in a way that imposes repressive structures of social control andShow MoreRelatedPunishment Vs Classical Criminology1745 Words   |  7 PagesCriminal Justice Theory Introduction Crime has existed in the society from time immemorial. Different cultures have dealt with it differently. While some have adopted very cruel, inhumane, and creative ways of punishment, others have chosen a relatively fair system of justice. Nevertheless, each system has had and served its purpose in fulfilling a given role in the society they are established. The classical criminology as envisioned by Bentham and Beccaria in the 1700’s and 1800’s has been theRead MoreCriminal Justice System Of The United States1722 Words   |  7 Pages  Criminal justice is the system of practices and institutions of governments directed at upholding social control, deterring and mitigating crime, or sanctioning those who violate laws with criminal penalties and rehabilitation efforts. Those accused of crime have protections against abuse of investigatory and prosecution powers. Goals In the United States, criminal justice policy has been guided by the 1967 President s Commission on Law Enforcement and Administration of Justice, which issuedRead MoreWhy Do We Need a Criminal Justice System?1140 Words   |  5 Pageswhy a criminal justice system is needed or indeed what it contributes to the functioning of a society. In the discussion that will follow, it will be argued that there are essentially four reasons why we do need to have a criminal justice system. First, it upholds the freedoms of individuals and maintenance of public order. Second, a criminal justice system instils fear in people and thus deterring illegal activities. Third, a good justice system provides rehabilitation and reform to criminals. FourthRead MoreCriminology : Crime And Crime1410 Words   |  6 PagesCriminology is defined by the book Criminal Justice: A Brief Introduction, which was written by author Dr. Frank Schmalleger, Ph.D., as â€Å"the scientific study of the causes and preventio n of crime and the rehabilitation and punishment of offenders† (Schmalleger, 2006, p. 20). People look at criminology in a big concept of criminal prevention but criminology in itself carries a wide variety of functions in treating crime and providing punishment to those who commit crimes. Crime increases when theRead MoreRestorative Justice : The Criminal Justice System987 Words   |  4 Pagesconcept in the criminal justice arena, restorative justice has become a popular tool in the fields of both victimology and criminology (Doble Greene, 2000). According to Doble Greene, (2000) Restorative justice has been defined as: â€Å"A theory of justice that emphasizes repairing the harm caused or revealed by criminal behavior. It is best accomplished through cooperative processes that include all stakeholders.† Unlike the traditional criminal justice system, restorative justice main focus isRead MoreThe Idle Apprentice At Tyburn884 Words   |  4 Pagesages and extending into the early modern era. This concept was used to explain the practices of obtaining justice prior to the wave that drove the civilization process. ‘The execution of the idle apprentice at Tyburn’, on July 1st, 1795 illustrates the darkness of the early modern world. This picture captivates the cruel form of entertainment that early modern society experienced. The photo emulates a degree of carnivalesque tone because the death of a criminal is used as a spectacle for entertainmentRead MoreTheories Of The Age Of Enlightenment1026 Words   |  5 Pagescentury, people believed that when someone committed a criminal act it was not because they chose to do so, but because of some supernatural force, such as the full moon or demonic possession. Offending acts were punished by a wide range of inhumane acts including but not limited to being tarred and feathered, quartered, burned alive, beheaded, drowned, or stoned to death. This way of thinking and punishing offenders continued through the 1600’s until the Age of Enlightenment. It was during this timeRead MoreRole Of The Criminal Justice System Essay1644 Words à ‚  |  7 Pagespurpose of the Criminal Justice System is to provide justice for all, which includes convicting and punishing lawbreakers, encouraging, and assisting offenders rehabilitate and to cease their criminal behaviour whilst protecting the innocent and law-abiding members of the public. They are obliged to analyse good quality ethnicity data that has been collected and use it to identify and address Race issues within the CJS. Additionally, they are tasked to promote and enforce recovery of criminal assets ensuringRead MoreThe Romanian Criminal Justice System1715 Words   |  7 Pages The Romanian Criminal Justice System Cory J. Mackley-Portley Texas State University – San Marcos The Romanian Criminal Justice System The history and evolution of any country is complex and open to the interpretation of progression or regression as defined by the reader. The history of its criminal justice system is no different. This is more so complicated in that this particular country, Romania, is in a relatively new post-communist era. To increase the understanding of the evolution of lawRead MoreCriminology : Criminal Justice System1028 Words   |  5 PagesCriminology Defined: An In Depth Look Of The Criminal Justice System In The U.S. Criminology, as defined by the book Criminal Justice: A Brief Introduction, written by the author Dr. Frank Schmalleger, Ph.D., is â€Å"the scientific study of the causes and prevention of crime and the rehabilitation and punishment of offenders† (Schmalleger, 2006, p. 20). Criminology, in itself, has a wide variety of function in treating crime and providing punishment to those who commit the crimes here in the U.S. Since

Professional Nursing Thinking in Nursing Education

Question: Discuss about the Professional Nursing for Thinking in Nursing Education. Answer: The profession of nursing in todays rapidly changing environment of healthcare is progressively becoming aware regarding the need to evaluate and enhance its practice and consider the social, structural and political issues that affects it. Since the change is taking place constantly, it is important for the nurses to possess the ability of analyzing and responding to the new and diverse challenges proactively. Critical reflection ensures quality patient care. This essay will discuss the importance and benefits of critical reflection for the nurses and patients, how the nurses obtain their research sources and role of critical reflection that assist in nursing practices. In nursing practices, reflection is an important activity in which the nurses recapture their experiences, thinks about them, ponder and evaluate them (Moon, 2013). They learn through critical reflection by placing themselves into the experiences and explore personal as well as theoretical knowledge for understanding the experiences and view them in different ways. Critical reflection enables them to avoid their past mistakes and maximize the opportunities for gaining knowledge. Critical reflection is necessary for nurses as well as patients because critical reflective nurses think critically regarding their practice (Bulman, Lathlean Gobbi, 2012). It assists the nurses to meet the challenges that are associated with providing care to the patients in a rapidly changing environment. It also helps them to become critically reflective practitioners. The description of their practices provides them a basis by means of which they can questions regarding their nursing practices. The proce ss of reflection can be enhanced if the nurses take a critical approach of their own reflection. Critical reflection is assisted by critical thinking. A critical approach concerns questioning their own practice, it gets enhanced if the nurses take a critical approach to their reflection as it involves a broader perspective (Price Harrington, 2015). The nurses face challenges in finding and using reliable and credible information for supporting clinical decision-making and meeting the expectations for evidence-based practices of nursing. For the nursing professionals, most of the needed information can be obtained by using 5 kinds of sources: journals, textbooks, online bibliographic databases, internet, and the products that consolidate research (Whitehead et al., 2013). A majority of the nurses retrieve and assess health-related study by means of the professional databases foe supporting evidence-based practices of nursing. They collect the data which is valuable and reliable (Yoder-Wise, 2014). They base their decisions of care on the best evidence-based practices from the peer-reviewed research literature. They use the internet, databases and search engines for finding clinical information (Chan, 2013). They also learn different new topics by referring the tutorial sites that are published by various reputable organizations and universities. It is important for them to evaluate the quality of information, which is found by them in a particular internet site. Mostly they consult their seniors or colleague regarding any information found by them and they apply the principles of evidence-based practice and critical appraisal. By employing these methods, they find the research sources (Siles-Gonzlez Solano-Ruiz, 2016). Critical reflection plays a significant role in assisting nurses to base their practice on evidence. Through critical reflection the nurses recollect their experiences. They examine their basic assumptions and thoroughly question the validity of assertions, opinions and even the fact of a specific case (Moon, 2013). It is essential for them in their nursing career. It leads to the generation of scientifically based ideas. It is a vital professional skill for the nurses. It assists them for rethinking the outmoded approaches to prevention of illness, health promotion, complications and healthcare. The ability of thinking critically utilizes reflection, analysis, induction, challenging assumptions, deduction and assessment of information and data to guide the decision-making process. Reflective practice is constantly required by the nurses for updating their professional skills. It offers them with considerable opportunities for reflecting on their ongoing development. They are able to identify their strengths and prospects for future growth and development. The profession of nursing depends on mutual support and the nurses should always have an aim of becoming self-directed, self-aware and should also remain in association with their environment. Critical reflection enables them to avoid their past mistakes and make best use of the opportunities for gaining knowledge (Munhall, 2012). In the end, it can be concluded that in the profession of nursing critical reflection plays a significant role in shaping the nurses personally as well as professionally. It assists them to meet the challenges that are associated with providing care to the patients in a rapidly changing environment. It is an important professional skill for the nurses. They learn through critical reflection by putting themselves into the experiences and exploring personal and theoretical knowledge for understanding the experiences and view them in different ways. The process of reflection can be improved if the nurses take a critical approach of their own reflection. I would like to narrate an event related to my nursing profession. I was given the responsibility to take care of an elderly patient in the geriatric ward. In the first week I properly took care of the patient but as time passed by I become frustrated and I was least concerned in taking care of the patient. Due to this his health conditions deteriorated and I was scolded by the nurse manager. After few days, I realized that it was my mistake that I did not took care of the patient in the same way as I was doing the first week. I felt bad and apologized to the patient and the nurse manager for this kind of attitude. This incident made me realize that being a nurse my first priority is to take care of the patients in every possible way. I repented for neglecting the patient because of my frustration towards him. After this incident I always try to keep my patients in best of their health and I always try to be friendly with them. In addition, I am taking help from my seniors and collea gues to take care of the patients in an efficient manner. Reflection Bulman, C., Lathlean, J., Gobbi, M. (2012). The concept of reflection in nursing: qualitative findings on student and teacher perspectives.Nurse education today,32(5), e8-e13. Chan, Z. C. (2013). A systematic review of critical thinking in nursing education.Nurse Education Today,33(3), 236-240. Moon, J. A. (2013).Reflection in learning and professional development: Theory and practice. Routledge. Munhall, P. L. (2012).Nursing research. Jones Bartlett Learning. Price, B., Harrington, A. (2015).Critical thinking and writing for nursing students. Learning Matters. Siles-Gonzlez, J., Solano-Ruiz, C. (2016). Self-assessment, reflection on practice and critical thinking in nursing students.Nurse Education Today,45, 132-137. Whitehead, B., Owen, P., Holmes, D., Beddingham, E., Simmons, M., Henshaw, L., ... Walker, C. (2013). Supporting newly qualified nurses in the UK: a systematic literature review.Nurse education today,33(4), 370-377. Yoder-Wise, P. S. (2014).Leading and managing in nursing. Elsevier Health Sciences.

The Role of Science in Crime Reduction

Biological science, specifically forensic pathology, has become an important tool in civil and criminal investigations due to its ability to determine the cause of death of an individual (Naples et al. 2010, 162). It helps to determine how a person died, what were the exact causes and to determine whether foul play was involved in the death (Naples et al. 2010, 162).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Role of Science in Crime Reduction specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More It is a branch of science that has actually gained popularity within recent years as a result of the hit television series â€Å"CSI: Crime Scene Investigations† which has glamorized the job of a forensic pathologist and has created the general notion that most crimes can be resolved by forensic pathologists should the proper evidence be obtained. Modern technology along with constantly innovating techniques in forensic investigation have re sulted in a plethora of concepts, methods and frameworks from which a forensic pathologist can draw on in order to solve a case. The role of forensic investigators goes beyond merely analyzing and solving a case but rather acts as a method of crime reduction through which the guilty are put behind bars to safeguard the rest of society. DNA Analysis Perpetrators of violent crimes have a tendency for leaving DNA evidence behind resulting in their subsequent capture once the trace amounts of DNA are examined. Murders, rapists and other violent criminals always seem to believe that there would be no possible method for investigators to trace them if they do not leave anything behind at the crime scene. What they fail to take into account is the fact that there is no such thing as the perfect crime and that one way or another some form of evidence is left behind. This can come in the form of skin scrappings located under the victims fingernails, bite marks on the suspects body, pieces of hair, dried semen or even eyelashes can be used as possible samples for DNA analysis in order to catch criminals. The U.S. alone has one of the most extensive criminal DNA databases in the world where all it would take is the click of a button to compare a DNA sample today with one taken years ago when a person was arrested (Gabriel et al. 2010, 396). This has resulted in drastic drop in the amount of violent criminals that have been allowed to go free due to lack of evidence which as a result keeps the society safe. Fingerprint Analysis The human fingerprint is a unique identifying mark that can connect an individual to a scene of a crime resulting in their subsequent arrest should it be proven that they were the perpetrators of the act itself. Most criminals seem to be unaware of is the fact that virtually any surface can hold an imprint of a human fingerprint for a certain length of time. This is due to the fact that the hands of all individuals secret a combination of oil and s weat that when combined form a thin layer covering the hand.Advertising Looking for essay on criminology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More When pressed upon a surface this thin layer is subsequently transferred on the surface itself resulting in fingerprint. Not only have new fingerprint detection methods been invented but the subsequent automation of fingerprint detection systems means that it is now far easier and faster to compare fingerprint records from a crime scene with those from an individual that has been arrested for a violent crime (Dias and Dingeman 2004, 22). Cause of Death Analysis Autopsy techniques have advanced to such a degree that they can determine the time and cause of death and in the case of foul play what particular type of weapon or poison was used to kill a person (Chapter 4 2004, 56). Catching criminals is not always a case of finding DNA evidence or fingerprints, premeditated crimes often involve ca reful planning and subterfuge in order to fool forensic investigators and police detectives alike into believing a crime was committed by someone else other than the perpetrator in their midst. It is up to forensic investigators to examine the cause of death of the victim and compare it to the story given by various suspects at the scene in order to determine who the perpetrator of the crime really is. Reference List Chapter Four. 2005. Examining the Body. Pathology 56. EBSCOhost . Dias, Gary, and Dingeman, Robbie. 2004. Chapter 2 Fingerprints. Honolulu CSI  22. EBSCOhost . Gabriel, Matthew and others. 2010. Beyond the Cold Hit Measuring the Impact of the National DNA Data Bank on Public Safety at the City and County Level. Journal  of Law, Medicine Ethics 38, no. 2: 396-411. Naples, Virginia and others. 2010. A Skeleton Tells Its Own Story ForensicAdvertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Role of Science in Crime Reduction specifically for you for o nly $16.05 $11/page Learn More Analyses of Skeletal Elements for the Science Classroom Laboratory. American  Biology Teacher 72, no. 3: 162-171. This essay on The Role of Science in Crime Reduction was written and submitted by user Keyon U. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

How to Interview a Relative - About Genealogy

How to Interview a Relative - About Genealogy Getting relatives to share their stories isnt always easy. But it can be rewarding and allow you to document stories, such as in a memory book. Follow these step-by-step ideas for a successful family history interview! Schedule a time in advance. This gives everyone a chance to prepare.Prepare a list of questions beforehand and either share them with your relative or give them an idea of what you want to cover. Bring several notepads and pens to the interview. If you plan to make a recording, be sure to have a tape player, digital recorder, or smartphone on which to record the interview, plus extra tapes, memory cards, chargers or batteries, as appropriate for your recording device.Take good notes and make sure you record your name, the date, the place the interview is being conducted and the interviewee.Begin with a question or topic that you know will elicit a reply, such as a story you have heard her tell in the past.Ask questions which encourage more than simple yes or no answers. Try to elicit facts, feelings, stories, and descriptions.Show interest. Take an active part in the dialogue without dominating it.  Learn to be a creative listener.Use props whenever possible. Old photographs, favor ite old songs, and treasured items may bring memories flooding back. Dont push for answers. Your relative may not wish to speak ill of the dead or may have other reasons for not wanting to share. Move on to something else.Use your prepared questions as a guideline, but dont be afraid to let your relative go off on a tangent. They may have many things to say that you never thought to ask!Dont interrupt or attempt to correct your relative; this can end an interview in a hurry!When you are done, be sure to thank your relative for her time. Tips for a Successful Family History Interview Put your relative at ease by telling them that they will have a chance to see and approve of anything that you write before you share it with others.Keep the interview length to no more than 1 to 2 hours at a stretch. Its tiring for both you and for the person being interviewed. This is supposed to be fun!Consider preparing a transcript or written report as a tangible thank you to your relative for her participation.If the relative and other participants agree, setting up a recorder in the corner of a room while sitting around a dinner table may help to get family stories flowing.

Constitution Timeline Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Constitution Timeline - Essay Example The document played a significant role in the creation of the United States constitution. This is clearly seen in the United States bill of rights. This spells out various rights of the people and curtails the government powers (Historic Documents, n.d.). For example, the bill says each person must enjoy all rights with the right practice of law being followed (Historic Documents, n.d.). This is clearly seen in the fifth and ninth amendments. This document is also a source of many fundamental concepts of the law (Historic Documents, n.d.). In fact, the concept of the constitution stems from this document. Colonist wrote the mayflower compact before occupying Plymouth colony. This was a consensus of the new settlers arriving at the Plymouth in November 1620 (Foster, 1992). The voyage was on the ship Mayflower. The settlement was drafted on fairness and justice ideals and the choice of the majority (Foster, 1992). This was necessitated by recognition of passengers that the new world settlers failed due to lack of government. This deal was meant for their own survival. They believed the settlement would be honored between god and man, and between each other (Foster, 1992). It calls for treatment of one another as equal in the sight of god (Foster, 1992). This compact had a profound contribution to the United States constitution. Firstly, it was an influential document for the founding fathers as they created the United States constitution. Secondly, it led to the making of a fresh self-governing nation. Moreover, the United States constitution was also formed on similar bases of equalit y. The declaration of independence was ratified by the Second Continental congress on July 4, 1776 (Department of State, n.d.). Thomas Jefferson drafted this declaration with minor changes made by the committee (Department of State, n.d.). The declaration was because of sore relationship that existed between the

Equity & Trusts Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Equity & Trusts - Essay Example An imperfect gift can only arise in the first two cases, and a gift would be imperfect if the transfer of title of the subject matter of the gift does not takes place from the settlor's name to the trustees. There can be no possibility of an imperfect gift in the third case because no formalities of transfer of rights are necessary. The exact constitutive requirements of a trust depend upon the nature of the property forming the subject-matter. In case of unregistered land, execution of a deed is necessary, whereas, in registered land, the trustee will need to be registered as proprietor on the register of title. In case of chattels (including cash), it has to be conveyed by either deed or delivery. In case of chose in action, this depends upon the different types of chose in action. In case of shares, for example, they can only be transferred by the recording of the transfer in the company’s books by the company secretary. The general attitude of the courts is reflected by Turner LJ’s statement in Milroy v. ... settlement, the settlor must have done everything which, according to the nature of the property as subject-matter of the settlement, was necessary to be done in order to transfer the property. If the settlor's chosen mode of donation fails, the court will not perfect the gift by allowing it to take effect by other modes. This case goes further to state that the beneficiary cannot allege in an imperfect gift that the settlor constituted to declare himself a trustee. In Richard v. Delbridge2, D decided to gift his lease of premises and business to his grandson R, who was an infant. He signed a memorandum and gave it to R’s mother, but before making a reference to the gift in his will he died. It was held that no self-declaratory trust was created: â€Å"It is necessary to show, not only an intention to benefit someone; but an intention to be trustee for that person†. According to Choihtram v. Pagarani3, â€Å"Men often mean to give things to their kinsfolk, they do not often mean to constitute themselves trustees. An imperfect gift is no declaration of trust†. Thus, equity will not come to the aid of any person who has given no consideration for the gift. For example, if a father, due to parental affection, promises to give his property to his son but dies before the actual conveyance, equity will not aid the son’s for the enforcement of that promise unless he had provided any consideration. However, this rule became very rigid in practice and may sometimes run into contradiction with the basic elements of quity i.e. fairness and justice. For instance, if a father declares in front of many people to give his entire property to only one son then that son has to give no consideration for that. But if the father dies unexpectedly before actual conveyance then